Perovskite is a common crystal structure material, named because its molecular structure formula ABX3 is similar to the mineral calcium titanate CaTiO3.
From a product perspective, perovskite solar cells can be divided into single-junction cells and stacked cells.
Single-junction perovskite cells refer to perovskite solar cells with only one PN junction. Stacked cells include full perovskite stacks or perovskite and crystalline silicon stacks.
Among them, TOPCon and heterojunction (HJT/HIT) are traditional crystalline silicon cells and second-generation photovoltaic cell technologies.
Perovskite solar cells are the third generation of non-silicon thin film cells.
Market size:
According to public data, perovskite module production capacity is expected to exceed 1GW in 2023, and perovskite photovoltaic module production capacity in 2026 will be approximately 24GW.
Conversion efficiency comparison of perovskites and other solar cells
Perovskite solar cells are solar cells that use perovskite structural materials as light-absorbing materials and represent the third generation of high-efficiency thin-film cells.
Compared with crystalline silicon cells, it has higher theoretical conversion efficiency and lower production costs.
Photovoltaic BIPV and mobile power generation for electric vehicles in the future will rely on perovskite solar cells. The current laboratory efficiency has reached 31.3%.
1) The theoretical conversion efficiency limit of all-perovskite single-layer cells is 33%, the conversion efficiency of all-perovskite double-junction stacks can reach 43%, and the conversion efficiency of all-perovskite triple-junction stacks can reach 50%.
It is much larger than 29.4% of crystalline silicon cells.
2) The average mass production efficiency of HJT solar cells is 24.73%, the highest mass production efficiency is 25.1%, the solar module efficiency is close to 23%, the highest laboratory efficiency is 26.5%, and the upper limit of theoretical conversion efficiency is 27.5%.
3) TOPCon solar panels are currently the fastest industrialization technology route.
N-type cell technology will become the direction of future development. TOPCon cells’ 28.7% theoretical efficiency far exceeds P-type cells.
Current mass production/highest efficiency exceeds 24.5%/25%.
Perovskite solar cells specific data
At present, the highest efficiency of single-junction perovskite cells is 25.7% (from Ulsan University of Science and Technology, South Korea), and the highest efficiency of all-perovskite stacks is 28.0% (from Nanjing University Tan Hairen’s research group).
Perovskite materials can change the energy band gap by adjusting the material ratio, thereby changing the wavelength component of photons that absorb sunlight.
The theoretical single-junction limit photoelectric conversion efficiency is 33%, which is much higher than that of crystalline silicon cells (<29%).
In July 2022, the Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne and the Swiss Center for Electronics and Microtechnology jointly set the world record for perovskite-silicon stacked photovoltaic cells, reaching 31.3%.
Advantages of perovskite solar cells
Perovskite cells have a low material cost, a simple structure, a short manufacturing process, and high energy consumption.
To compare with the investment in 1GW production capacity, the total investment in crystalline silicon materials, silicon wafers, cells, and components would require approximately 900 million RMB. This is close to 1 billion RMB.
The perovskite production capacity investment of 1GW, after reaching maturity, will be about 500 million RMB. This is 1/2 of crystalline silicon cells.
Perovskite solar modules are manufactured short, and manufacturing from raw materials to modules can be completed in a single factory within 45 minutes.
According to GCL Nano’s disclosure, the production of a 100-megawatt solar panel only takes 45 minutes from the entry of glass, film, target materials, and chemical raw materials to the molding of photovoltaic modules.
For crystalline silicon solar panels, silicon materials, silicon wafers, cells, and components require production and processing in more than four different factories.
If all links are seamlessly connected, it will take about three days to complete a solar panel component, and the time difference is very significant.
Summarize
Whether it is photovoltaics, new energy vehicles, or other industries such as pig and chicken raising, competition is about cost reduction and efficiency improvement.
A company that can produce a product of the same quality at the lowest cost has mastered its core competitiveness. It can easily become invincible.
PVMars Solar Energy Company has been focusing on the research and development of solar energy to break through the limitations of power generation efficiency.
It provides you with high-quality, high power generation efficiency, and durable solar panels.
